Condenser.



Patented Apr. 26, 1910.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

mam

A PEA) Mi jaw 1Q 0. J, snow. CONDENSER.

APPLICATION FILED MAYE, 1909.

Patented Apr. 26, 1910.

a SnEnTssmn'r 2.

mYmnn? O. J. SNOW.

CONDENSER.

APPLICATION FILED mars, 1909.

Patented Apr. 26, 1910.

BSHEETS-SHEET s.

ATIBRNEYS senate.

STATES PATENT OFFICE. x

GHARLES .rsnovr, or PENNSYLVANIA.

CONDENSER. I

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Apr, 26, 1910, Applicationfiled May 5, 1909. Serial No. 493,993.

To all whom it may cone-em.- U fied form of my invention. 'Fig.- 5repre- B it k t that-L cfimz J S ow,asents a broken transverse sectionof a further subjectof the' Kin bf Great Britain, remodifi tngrepresents a bro en siding at Lansdowne, county of Delaware, longtudmal sectlo'n of the structure shown a State of Pennsylvania, haveinvented a new 111 Flgi 5. 6-0

and useful Condenser, of which the follow- I 18 generally known thatsmall condensin% is ,a specification. 4 r p k ers are relatively moreefliclent than large The puppoge f ny inygntion to reduce OIIBS (111Gchiefly t0 the correspondingly short a I the length of flow ofthesteamincondens'ers l g of flow of the steam through the "it? for steamenginesfturbines, etc., toremove' tubes or any 580131011 of tubes and tothe the water therefrom at short. space intervals ma er area of tubesurface per volume 9011-. b means other than the coolingssurfaoesfta1ned,-allow1ng generally a better d1str1bu-- and to provide. fordrainage of the water so, t101} 9 Steam OVeI the Surface- QW y removed;I split-tlng u a condenser as is (10116111 my it Afurther urpose ofmyinvention is to; Invention y g u m l p ns and divide'a conenserlongitudinally into two: l a. number of parts -wh1ch are ormore'compartments and-direct the steam small as compared to the whole,the results transversely within these compartments. f h h b 1 1 Smalllinl ts are more nearly a A further purpose of my jnvention i tduplicated in a'lar e unit than heretofore.

a'l) most advantageously collect the water by! My inventionre ates-tothe condensatmn means of baiiie plates and walls of condenser f 0f m Seam i om englnes and Steam "from the steam being condensed, the bafilesi l Whlch t e d t OIl 1S proservinglhe additional function of determin-'duced yic nta t of exhaust Steam Wlth i th di ti f Steam fl metallicsurfaces cooled b water.

2 5 A furth r purpose f y in ti n i t I divide the condenserongitudinally and make use of the momentum of the steam to u e f ba esSuch that the containing deposit water therefrom upon surfaces'othcr"Walls Of the cohdenfiier d e h l P than the condensing s rfa e I i sentsurfaces approxlmately at r1ght angles "A further purpose of myinvention is to t0 the general 11116 0 fl W taken by the so supply ahighly eitective structure for keep-v Steam. Furthermore, the steamafter 1mi ing the cooling pipes as dry as'possible forf pinging ontherfirstbaflle or baflies interthe purpose of increasing theirefiiciency. posed in its, p th 1S d flec ed and divided It furtherconsists of other novel features and is compelled to take two or moresepa-- J of construction, all as will be hereinafter: rate and: distinctsinuous lines of flow to- Qt' fully set for-thy i wardfinal outlets atthe bottom of the con- For thefp'ur'po'se of illustrating myinvendenser. p 't'ion I have shown in the accompanying In surfacecondensers of the ordinary drawin s one-form thereof which is at pres Itypes, the steam is usually compelled to take ant pre erred by me, sincethe same has'been long lp'aths of flow, such as either the whole tofound to give satisfactory and reliable relengt of the condenser betweenthe tube 9 suits, although it is to beunderstood that the plates andparallel with the tubes or comvarious instrumentalities of which myinpletely across the condenser from wall to vention consists can bevariously arranged wall and at right angles to the tubes, meet- .andorganized and that my invention is not ing no bellies or obstructionswhatever in is-limited to the precise arrangeme'ntand orsuchlongitudinal or transverse movement ganization of theseinstrumentalities as hereother than cooling surfaces. -By' placing inshownand described. obstructions in the manner describedand Figure 1 isa longitudinal sectionofa conillustrated by me, the path taken by the Idenser embodying my invention. Fig. 2 steam in any one direction is veryconsi'der-j 50 represents a transverse section of the strucablyshortened and the definite impi'nging lOS .ture of Fig. 1 upon line:vw.thereof. Fig. action of the steam secured sets free themois- '3represents a longitudinal stag ered section ture carried, forward by thesteam, so that 3 at substantial right angles to t e sectionof the steamon leaving one compartment and F g. 1. andupon the line y-'y of .Fig. 2.entering another is ina lesssaturated state ssfhig. represents an endelevation of'a modiand therefore, in a condition to be acted on mostadvantageously by the cooling surfaces. This results in a more rapidtransmission of heat from the steam through the metallic surfaces to thecooling water. The particles of condensed steam do not drop verticallydownward as they are formed on or between the tubes, and 'as they wouldif they were influenced by gravity alone, but have a tendency to followa line which is the resultant of two forces, viz., that of gravity'andthat due to the momentum of the steam in motion. As the velocity of flowis many times greater than that of initial fall due to gravity (acondition particularly the case in upper compartments where velocity isgreatest) the particles of condensed steam deviate but little from thelineof flow of the steam and are carried forward until the steam inwhich they are suspended is deflected by a ballle, a partition or theinterior wall of the condenser at which time said particles aredeposited upon the deflecting surface.

It will be seen from the drawings that I employ ducts, channels or holesfor conveying condensed steam in the form of water tothe walls orpartition of the condenser and this waterthen follows this surface tothe condenser bottom or collecting surface without again coming incontact With the tubes. I illust ate two means for obtaining thisresult,such as shown in Figs. 2 and 5 where the baflles are inclineddifferently. In each, holes or ports are provided through which thewater flows. I may use a combt nation of both methods.

Although I have illustrated a circular condenser only, this inventionvcan be embodied in one of rectangular or other shape.

While I find it desirable to withdraw the Water of condensation or thegreater part thereof from the condenser by a separate pump it may bewithdrawn by the air pumps and where the static head necessary for theellicient action of pump when discharging water from a vacuum isrestricted bylocality, I may appreciably increase the available head byconnecting a water receiving surface in the condenser with the pump by apipe, connections for which appear in Figs. 5 and 6; and I may run banchpipes to the shell of the condenser for connection with said pump. Owingto the very ellicient separation obtained by the battles and the longaggregate length of the path of steam, the latter whenit enters the lastcompartment is in a less saturated condition than could otherwise beattained and the densifying effect of the cooling surfaces therein uponthe other gases is correspondingly intensified. Both the steam and theother gases traverse the tortuous separate pathsv provided by mydistinct. lines of [l w and are. alike ditfnsed'ovcr the coolingsurfaces wilh rcat advanta e. The last comn 2:

reduced.

Since under some circumstances, unequal temperature might exist incompartments adjoining each other, I provide equalizing ports orpassages in the vertical baflie partition or division wall which iscommon to both and all compartments. \Vhile said ports are of ample sizeto permit rapid temperature equalization, the baffling effect is notreduced to any great extent.

Similar numerals of reference indicate corresponding parts in thefigures.

Referring to the drawings, 1 designates a condenser which I haveillustrated as of cylindrical form but which may evidently be square orof other rectangular or preferred form having end walls 2, 3, waterinlet passage 4 and water outlet passage 5 connecting with the heads 6and 7 respectively and pipes arranged in sets the circulation within thepipes being that used in counter current condensers. I have shown thesets as seven in number but recognize that the arrangement, number, etc,may be greatly varied. I will designate the sets which I haveillustrated as 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15. At the top of my condenserI admit steam through inlet 16 and at the bottom thereof I withdraw thewate' at 17 by hot well pump or any other suitable arrangement; I attacha vacuum pump at any desired point or points such as 18, 19 in thebottom of the condenser preferably forming ferrules or collars 20 toprotect against the withdrawal of water from the condenser by vacuumpumps. It will be understood that I may use the same pump and passagesfor withdrawal of air and water under the wet system. if desired.

A prominent feature of my invention, both independently and incombination with other elements, lies in my provision of a. longitudinalwall or walls which I have shown as a single .wall 21. preferablyextending from the approximate bottom and terminating some distanceshort of the top of the condenser, which wall or walls serve to dividethe steam during its treatment in the condenser into two or moreseparate paths, each part having one wall in com- -mon with another withprovision for equalization of temperature between but otherwiseindependent of every other part. As I have stated, a number of suchdivisions may be formed with advantage under certain conditions though Iprefer and shall illustrate and describe in detail but a single divisionwall and two such paths of llow of the steam determined by it. The spaceabove the division wall is preferably occupied by the set of coolingpipes 9 which I preferto arrangein horizont-alrows and so located astopermit a' free" space immediately beneath the steam inlet port 16.

Taking up now the particulardescription of the form of the inventionillustrated in Figs. 1, 2 and 3, with a single longitudinal division orpartition wall, and remembering that the description would differ butslightly, and that in the number and intermediate arrangement of thepipes and bafiles .where more than one partition wall is used, differingin no particular in principle in such form, I provide for two completetortuous or sinuous paths of flow for the steam from the uppercompartment 22 within which it has come in contact initially with thecooling pipes 9. I divide the paths by means of the partitions and makethese paths tortuous by a series of battle plates which, with theinterior of the cvlinder and partition perform the triple function ofguiding the steam removing water therefrom, and guiding the water clearof the cooling pipes. In the form illustrated I make use of three battleplates upon each side, namely 23, 24, 25 on the one sideand 2G. 27 and28 upon the other side,"these baflles extending but part of the way between the side of the condenser and the central division wall, theremainder of the distance being open to provide'passage forv the steamexcepting for channels acting as supports hereinafter described. Thesebaffies and passages are so staggered as to form a sinuous path for thesteam through the successive divisions and across the intermediate setsof coolin pipes. The direction of flow upon each side is as follows :Thesteam from theupper port 16 passes on one side through the passage 29against the inner part 30 of the 'wall of the condenser by which and thebaffle 24 it is reversely directed and the water from it collected sothat relatively dry steam is forced across the intervening set 10 ofpipes and almost directly toward the part 31 of the division wall. The.batile 23 and the portions 31 and 33 of the division wall '21 herereverse the direction of flow of the steam again removing watertherefrom and the steam passes down through the passage 32. The steam isdirected inpart also by batlle 25 and passes across set 11 o the pipestoward the portion 34 of the interior .wallof the condenser by which andby the battle 24 the steam is downwardly directed through the passage35, thewater from the steam being deposited upon the portion 84 of theinner wall of the condenser. lhe steam thus dried and the uncondensablegases which have of course followed the path of the steam are directedacross the set 12 of the pipes to the outlets 18, 19, while the watergravitating to the bottom of the condenser is withdrawn at 17.

,metal surfaces as is true of the other path.

I accomplish equalization of temperatures by means of a plurality ofopenings 39 of any suitable character in the division wall 21. For thepurpose of support it is desirable to connect the batlies both to thedivision wall and to the inner surface of the wall of the condenseritself. and such connection conventionally I have. shown. In order todrain the several sections of the division -wall and supportthe baiilesadditionally, I

provide a combined chamber and supports which consist of extensions 5 0of the battle plates. the edge of the battle to retain water on thebafiie and prevent it being drawn through the passage by the flow of thesteam.

Inthe device shown in Fig. 4, I slope the battles toward thelongitudinal wall 21, the battles being otherwise of the same character,preferably, as those shown in the other figures, for which reason I havegiven them the same numerals of reference. The result of this is that Idrain the batfies against the interior division Wall instead of againstthe interior of the outer wall.

In Fi s. 5 and 6 I show how with the general Iorin of Fig. 4, I collectthe water from my condenser almost wholly' in the shed formed by batlies25 and 28 withdrawing the water directly from this shed and I make useof a flange 41 adjacent adding the height of the shed from the bottom ofthe outer wall to the head of water available at'the hot-well. For thispurpose since the small amount of moisture which passes through thepassages 35 and 38 is in this form removed along with the air by thevacuum pump, I omit the collars 20 preferably used in the form shown inFig. 1 so that no water is allowed to'collect in the bottom of thecondenser. In the form of Figs. 5 and 6 I also prefer to form aperturesto insure perfect equalization, the temperatures upon the two sides ofthe division wall or in adjoinin compartments at the same height from te bottom of the condenser where more than two longitudinalpartitions ordivision walls are used.

Having thus described my invention what I claim as new and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is

1. In a device of the character stated, an

disposed cooling pipes therein, chambers at the ends of the devieeforadmission and re moval of cooling l'luf d, a substantially planelongitudinal division wall, and a plurality of bafile plates;on eachside of the longitudinal divisio'nfwall and oppositely apertured toprovide a tortuous steam passage therethrough.

2. In a device of the character stated, an outer condenser Wall, meansfor cooling the interior thereof, a substantially plane longitudinalpartition therein, and bafiies upon each side of the partition betweenitand the outer wall, apertured in alternate position to provideduplicate tortuous steam passages on opposite sides of the partition.

3. In a device of the character stated, an outer wall, water inlet andoutlet chambers at the ends thereof, longitudinally extending pipesbetween these chambers, a longitudinal partition wall extending part ofthe height of the condenser and permitting unbroken rows of pipes'thereabove and battle plates on each side of the partition between itand the outer wall breaking up the pipes below the top of the partitioninto pairs of sets, side by side between the battles, said loafilesbeing alternately apertured to stagger with respect to each other.

4. In a device of the character stated, an outer Wall having a steaminlet aperture at the top and air outlet at the bot-tom thereof,reversely apertured baflies on each side thereof, and a-centrallongitudinal division wall, the compartments formed beneath the lowestof said apertured baflies and against said division Wall havingduplicate transverse lines of vapor flow and common outlets therefor atthe bottom of the condenser and free from water of condensation.

5. In a device of the character stated, an outer condenser easing, asubstantially plane longitudinal division plate therein, apertured.baflies upon each side of the division plate, a Water collector Withinthe condenser,

.and a water drain pipe connecting the'botouter Wall on each side of theplate, and

means for collecting and draining the water of condensation from thelowest of said bafiies in proximity to the division plate, the tubesbelow said lowest baffles being thus freed from water of condensation.

7. In a device of the character stated, an

outer condenser casing, a substantially plane longitudinal centraldivision plate therein, oppositely apertured ballles upon each side ofthe division plate, means to drain the water from the lowest of saidbullies in proximity to the division wall and cooling tubes in saidcondenser both above and below said lowest battle.

8. In a device of the character stated, an outer condenser easing, asubstantially plane longitudinal division wall. therein, and bafllesupon each side of said division wall apertured to provide duplicatesinuous lines of steam flow upon opposite sides of the division wall.

9. In a device of the character stated, an

'outer condenser wall, baflles provided with means for formingduplicate. sinuous, transverse lincs of steam flow, and a longitudinaldivision wall between said baliles a ertured to equalize temperaturesand pressures between the compartments formed by said baffies uponopposite sides of the wall.

CHARLES J. SNOW.

\Vitnesses:

\V. T. JACKSON, 0. D. MeVAY.

